Small Country Development and International Labor Flows: Experiences in the Caribbean by Anthony Maingot

Author:Anthony Maingot [Maingot, Anthony]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9780367287382
Google: Sg3RxgEACAAJ
Goodreads: 51087223
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2019-05-07T00:00:00+00:00

Notes

1. Lloyd Best, “A Model of Pure Plantation Economy” Social and Economic Studies, vol. 17, no. 3,1986.

2. Ralph Henry, “Information: For Consumption or Production in the Commonwealth Caribbean?” Mimeo, Department of Economics, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 1989: The consumption technology purveyed through mass media and, more particularly, through satellite television transmission has made most of the Commonwealth Caribbean part of the consumer goods market of North America. But the homogenization of taste patterns and values with the North Atlantic is in no way matched by a capacity to adapt production technology for the production of goods and services for domestic consumption or for exports. The implication here is that these countries are locked into a consumption trap that reduces their development potential.

3. In spite of the heavy emigration, the countries with acute difficulties have continued to experience high unemployment above 20 percent for Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. While the Commonwealth Caribbean supplies only a small proportion of migrants to the United States, these marginal numbers are part of a larger flow which must be seen in the context of their probable moderating impact on wage rates, at least in some areas of the United States.

4. Ashoka Mody and David Wheeler, “Towards a Vanishing Middle: Competition in the World Garment Industry,” World Development, vol. 15, nos. 10/11,1987.

5. By 1838, when slavery finally ended in the Commonwealth Caribbean, there was some semblance of an educational system already in place, largely as a result of the initiatives of Missionary societies, some of which, like the Moravians, were hostile to slavery itself and sought to educate the slaves along Christian principles.

6. Lawrence Carrington, Education and Development in the English Speaking Caribbean: A Contemporary Survey (Port of Spain: ECLA, 1978).

7. Theodore Lewis, “Labour Market Outcome of Comprehensive Education in Trinidad,” Mimeo, Ministry of Education, Port of Spain, 1985.

8. Lewis, “Labour Market Outcome,” p. 27.

9. Lewis, “Labour Market Outcome,” p. 27.

10. Terrence Farrell, “Arthur Lewis and the Case for Caribbean Industrialisation,” Social and Economic Studies, vol. 29, no. 4,1980.

11. The administration that took over the reins of the Government of Trinidad and Tobago, at the end of 1986, faced with an unemployment rate of over 20 percent, moved quickly to introduce legislation to establish an export-processing zone. One argument advanced above the protestation of the Trade Union Movement and a number of radical groups in the country was that the unemployed would prefer employment at stable wages rather than unemployment.

12. Peter Warr, “Export Processing Zones: The Economics of Enclave Manufacturing,” The Research Observer, vol. 4, no. 1,1989, p. 75.

13. Martin Godfrey, “Surplus Labour as a Source of Foreign Exchange,” World Development, vol. 11, no. 11, 1983; Deirdre Kelly, “St. Lucia’s Female Electronics Factory Workers: Key Components in an Export-Oriented Industrialization Strategy,” World Development, vol. 14, no. 7,1986.

14. Ralph Henry and Daphne Phillips, “The Emigration of Nursing Personnel from Trinidad and Tobago,” The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, forthcoming.

15. There was some amount of return migration during the boom years of the late 1970s and early 1980s.

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